The ability of strains to lyse horse erythrocytes (an indication of the production by the strains of the hemolysin known as suilysin, SLY) was determined as described ( 6).Īll animal experiments followed the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care and were approved by the Ethics Committee, Université de Montréal. Mutanolysin extracts were prepared from pelleted bacteria as described ( 16, 17) and used to detect pili encoded by the srtF and srtG pilus clusters by Western blotting with antibodies directed against the major subunit of each pilus ( 16, 17). Expression of extracellular factor (EF) and muramidase-released protein (MRP) was determined by Western blotting of the concentrated supernatant fraction by using monoclonal antibodies against MRP or EF, as described ( 15). Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation during the late exponential phase of growth, and supernatants were concentrated 10-fold by using Ultrafree-MC centrifugal filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). suis strains were grown in Todd-Hewitt broth at 37☌ (at 28☌ for detection of the srtG pilus). MRP, EF, and Pili Expression and Hemolysis Assays In this study, we used MLST to genotype a relatively large collection of US and Canadian S. Isolates from Canada and the United States have received less attention. suis serotype 2 strains genotyped so far by MLST originated in Europe and Asia ( 8 – 12).
showed that 80% of the isolates recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid of humans in Thailand belonged to STs grouped in the ST27 complex ( 12). For example, most strains isolated from human patients in Japan were ST1 ( 9), whereas those causing the human outbreaks in People’s Republic of China were ST7, included in the ST1 complex ( 10, 11). suis population, most invasive isolates belong to the ST1 complex ( 8). Although ST complexes 1, 27, and 87 dominate the S.
Closely related STs are grouped in the so-called ST complexes. suis serotype 2 strains can be divided into at least 16 sequence types (STs). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has shown that S. suis serotype 2 strains recovered from diseased pigs and the number of cases of human disease is lower in North America than in other parts of the world ( 6, 7). suis infection have been caused by serotype 2 strains ( 5). suis disease have occurred in People’s Republic of China, affecting hundreds of persons and causing 39 deaths ( 4). suis is the most commonly reported cause of streptococcal meningitis in adults in Vietnam and the second in Thailand ( 2, 3).
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